Neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke may leave the affected individual with paralysis of lower and/or upper extremities. This not only significantly degrades the quality of life of this patient population, but also leads to a number of medical co-morbidities. In the US alone, these two conditions incur more than $80 billion/year of primary and secondary health care costs. There are no treatments that can restore the lost motor function after SCI or stroke, and current physiotherapy approaches provide only a limited degree of recovery. Therefore, novel methods to improve the quality of life for these individuals and reduce the public health burden are desperately needed. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which enable direct brain control of external devices without producing any motor output, may constitute one such novel approach. In this presentation, I will explore several novel BCI systems capable of controlling external devices such as virtual reality environments, functional electrical stimulators, robotic prostheses. The potential benefits of these devices in the field of neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation will be discussed.